من واعد Grace Elliott؟

Grace Dalrymple, Lady Elliott (* um 1754 in Edinburgh; † 16. Mai 1823 in Ville-d’Avray) war eine schottische Kurtisane, die in Paris Augenzeugin der Französischen Revolution wurde. Sie war die Mätresse des späteren Königs Georg IV. und des Herzogs von Orléans.

George IV (George Augustus Frederick; 12 August 1762 – 26 June 1830) was King of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland and King of Hanover from 29 January 1820 until his death in 1830. At the time of his accession to the throne, he was acting as prince regent for his father, King George III, having done so since 5 February 1811 during his father's final mental illness.

George IV was the eldest child of King George III and Queen Charlotte. He led an extravagant lifestyle that contributed to the fashions of the Regency era. He was a patron of new forms of leisure, style and taste. He commissioned John Nash to build the Royal Pavilion in Brighton and remodel Buckingham Palace, and commissioned Jeffry Wyatville to rebuild Windsor Castle. George's charm and culture earned him the title "the first gentleman of England", but his dissolute way of life and poor relationships with his parents and his wife, Caroline of Brunswick, earned him the contempt of the people and dimmed the prestige of the monarchy. He excluded Caroline from his coronation and asked the government to introduce the unpopular Pains and Penalties Bill in an unsuccessful attempt to divorce her.

George's rule was tarnished by scandal and financial extravagance. His ministers found his behaviour selfish, unreliable and irresponsible, and he was strongly influenced by favourites. During most of George's regency and reign, Lord Liverpool controlled the government as prime minister of the United Kingdom. Liverpool's government presided over Britain's ultimate victory over Napoleon and negotiated a peace settlement with the French. After Liverpool's retirement, George was forced to accept Catholic emancipation despite opposing it. His only legitimate child, Princess Charlotte, predeceased him in 1817, as did his childless younger brother Prince Frederick in 1827, so he was succeeded by another younger brother, William IV.

Arthur Annesley, 1st Earl of Mountnorris FRS (7 August 1744 – 4 July 1816) was an Irish peer.

He was the son of Richard Annesley, 6th Earl of Anglesey, and Juliana Donovan, Countess of Anglesey, who belonged to the junior sept of the O'Donovans of Clan Loughlin, the Donovans of Ballymore in County Wexford. She was initially rumoured to be of lower birth, the ancient pedigrees of some Irish families not being widely known in the English-speaking world at that time, and hers deriving from a remote region of Ireland, the Barony of Carbery. Countess Juliana was the great-great-great-granddaughter of Donel Oge na Cartan O'Donovan, the 1st Lord of Clan Loughlin to hold his territories from the Crown, from 1616 (see surrender and regrant).

He succeeded to the title of 6th Baron Altham, of Altham, in County Cork, and to the title of 8th Viscount Valentia upon his father's death on 14 February 1761.

On 22 April 1771, the House of Lords decided that his claim to his father's English titles was not valid, and that therefore these titles had become extinct on his father's death in 1761. He was created 1st Earl of Mountnorris [Ireland] on 3 December 1793.

George James Cholmondeley, 1st Marquess of Cholmondeley, ( CHUM-lee; 11 May 1749 – 10 April 1827), styled Viscount Malpas between 1764 and 1770 and known as the Earl of Cholmondeley between 1770 and 1815, was a British peer and politician.

لويس فيليب الثاني، دوق أورليان (بالفرنسية: Louis Philippe II, Duke of Orléans) (13 أبريل 1747 - 6 نوفمبر 1793) هو ابن لويس فيليب الأول، دوق أورليان بن لويس دوق أورليان بن فيليب دي أورليان ابن فيليب الأول، دوق أورليان ابن الملك لويس الثالث عشر، أمير فرنسي من آل أورليان وهم فرع من بيت آل بوربون تفرّع من الأمير البوربوني: فيليب الأول، دوق أورليان ابن الملك لويس الثالث عشر شقيقِ لويس الرابع عشر. الأمير لويس فيليب الثاني، دوق أورليان هو والد الملك لويس فيليب الأول. وُلِدَ في قلعة شاتو دو سانت-كلاود. حصل على لقب دوق مونتبينسير عند ولادته، ثم على لقب دوق شارتر عند وفاة جدّه، لويس دي أورليان، في عام 1752. عند وفاة والده، لويس فيليب دي أورليان، في عام 1785، ورث عنه لقب دوق أورليان، وحظي أيضًا على لقب أمير الدم، وهو لقب يُنسب إلى أمير الدم الأقرب إلى العرش بعد الأبناء والأحفاد لفرنسا. لُقّب أيضًا بسمو الأمير. (S.A.S).

في عام 1792، أثناء الثورة الفرنسية، غيّر اسمه إلى فيليب إيغليتي. لويس فيليب دي أورليان هو ابن عم لويس السادس عشر وأحد أغنى الرجال في فرنسا. لقد دعم بقوة ثورة 1789، وكان مؤيدًا قويًا للقضاء على المَلكية المطلقة الحالية لصالح المَلكية الدستورية. وقد صوّت لصالح إعدام الملك لويس السادس عشر؛ ومع ذلك، كان هو نفسه تحت المقصلة في نوفمبر عام 1793 خلال عهد الإرهاب. أصبح ابنه لويس فيليب دي أورليان ملكًا على الفرنسيين بعد ثورة يوليو من عام 1830. وبعده، أصبح مصطلح أورلياني مرتبطًا بالحركة التي دعت إلى اعتماد الملكية الدستورية في فرنسا.