من واعد شارل موريس تاليران؟

شارل موريس تاليران واسمه الكامل «شارل موريس تاليران-بريغور» (بالفرنسية: Charles-Maurice de Talleyrand-Périgord) والمعروف اختصاراً بتاليران، سياسي ودبلوماسي وقائد عسكري فرنسي ولد في 2 فبراير 1754 وبها توفي في 17 مايو 1838. كان يعمل برتبة عليا في نظام لويس السادس عشر، وعمل كذلك خلال الثورة الفرنسية وبعد ذلك تحت حكم نابليون الأول، لويس الثامن عشر، وشارل العاشر، ولويس فيليب. عرف منذ مطلع القرن 19 ببساطة تحت اسم تاليران، وما زالت هذه الشخصية تستقطب اهتمام المؤرخين وتثير الجدل في اوساطهم. البعض أعتبره أحد الدبلوماسيين الأكثر كفاءة ومهارة، ومؤثرا في التاريخ الأوروبي، والبعض يعتقد في المقابل بانه كان خائناً للنظام القديم، وللثورة الفرنسية، ولنابليون. وهو أيضا يعتبر سيئ السمعة لانه ادار ظهره للكنيسة الكاثوليكية بعد التنسيق مع الكهنوت، وبسبب تكريس حكومة الأساقفة.

Countess Anna Charlotte Dorothea von Medem (3 February 1761 – 20 August 1821) was born a Gräfin (Countess) of the noble Baltic German Medem family and later became Duchess of Courland. Popularly known as Dorothea of Courland after her marriage to Peter von Biron, the last Duke of Courland, she hosted an aristocratic salon in Berlin and performed various diplomatic duties on behalf of her estranged husband. She would spend the rest of her life in her estate in Löbichgau, where she would invite and host many important political and cultural figures of the time and make many acquaintances, ranging from Goethe over Napoleon I of France to Talleyrand, the latter of whom she was reportedly very close.

Anne Louise Germaine de Staël-Holstein (French: [an lwiz ʒɛʁmɛn də stal ɔlstajn]; née Necker; 22 April 1766 – 14 July 1817), commonly known as Madame de Staël ( də-STAHL; French: [madam də stal]), was a prominent philosopher, woman of letters, and political theorist in both Parisian and Genevan intellectual circles. She was the daughter of banker and French finance minister Jacques Necker and Suzanne Curchod, a respected salonist and writer. Throughout her life, she held a moderate stance during the tumultuous periods of the French Revolution and the Napoleonic era, persisting until the time of the French Restoration.

Her presence at critical events such as the Estates General of 1789 and the 1789 Declaration of the Rights of Man and of the Citizen underscored her engagement in the political discourse of her time. However, Madame de Staël faced exile for extended periods: initially during the Reign of Terror and subsequently due to personal persecution by Napoleon. She claimed to have discerned the tyrannical nature and ambitions of his rule ahead of many others.

During her exile, she fostered the Coppet group, a network that spanned across Europe, positioning herself at its heart. Her literary works, emphasizing individuality and passion, left an enduring imprint on European intellectual thought. De Staël's repeated championing of Romanticism contributed significantly to its widespread recognition.

Within her work, de Staël not only advocates for the necessity of public expression but also sounds cautionary notes about its potential hazards.

Adélaïde-Émilie (sometimes Émilie-Adélaïde) Filleul, Marquise de Souza-Botelho (14 May 1761 – 19 April 1836) was a French writer.

Dorothée Dorinville, stage name Mademoiselle Luzy (1747–1830), was a French stage actress.

She was engaged at the Comédie-Française in 1764. She became a Sociétaires of the Comédie-Française in 1764. She retired in 1781.

She was most known as a soubrette, but also performed tragedy, and acted as a singer and dancer. She was described as a serious and ambitious stage artist, and was a part of the movement that wished to introduce realistic stage costumes. She was imprisoned in 1771 after having broken the censure laws in a play by Imbert.